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Combining Like Terms

Like terms :

Like terms
are term with exactly the same variables
raised to the exactly the same powers. Any constants in
an expression are considered like terms. Terms that are
not like terms
are called unlike terms.

Like Terms Unlike Terms
2x, 3x, -4x
Same variables, each
with a power of 1.
2x, 2x2
Different powers
3, 5, -1
Constants
3, 3x, 3x2
Different powers
5x2, -x2
Same variables and
same powers
5x2, 5y2
Different variables

Combining like terms :

Combining like terms
is to add or subtract like terms.
Combine like terms containing variables by combining
their coefficients and keeping the same variables with the
same exponents

Example: 3x2 – 8x2 = -5x2
Example: 5x + 2x = 7x
Example:
3x2 + 5x + 2 + x2 – x - 3
=3x2 + x2 + 5x-x + 2-3
= 4x2 + 4x - 1

POLYNOMIALS
A Polynomial is a term or sum of terms in which all variables
have whole number exponents .

Example: 2, 3x + 1, ½ x2 + 4x + 1,

Not polynomials:

Monomial : Has one term (such as 5x2, -6x, 29)
Binomial: Has two unlike terms (such as 2x – 1, x2 + 4x)
Trinomial : Has three unlike terms (such as ½ x2 + 4x + 1)

The degree of a polynomial is the highest exponent among all
the terms. If the polynomial is a constant, the degree is 0.

The polynomial 3x3 + 5

is a binomial with degree 3.

What type of polynomial is -2x2 + x - 3?
What degree is it?

Evaluate this polynomial for x = 3.

Example 4 p. 414 The polynomial -16t2 + 28t + 8
gives the height (in feet) of an object t seconds after it has
been thrown straight upward. Find the height of the object
in 1 second.

The value of the polynomial when t=1 is the height of the
object after 1 second.

Height after 1

Example 5: Graph y = 2x2

This is not a linear equation because it is degree 2.
This is a parabola.

The coefficient of x2 tells us how “fat” or “skinny” the
parabola is. If the coefficient is positive , the parabola is
pointing up. If the coefficient is negative , the parabola is
pointing down.

Since there is no constant added to this equation . The yintercept
is (0,0). When x=0, y=0.

Therefore this parabola is pointing up with it’s y-intercept at
(0,0)

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